INTRODUCTION OF HYDROLOGY

 

Definition of Hydrology:-

• The meaning of the word Hydrology states, "hydro" = water and "logy" = study.
• It is the study of the occurrence, circulation and distribution of water on earth and its atmosphere.

Application of Hydrology:-

• In flood areas, to predict the intensity of  flood occurrence.
• In dams, to determine the reservoir capacity.
• In cities, for determining the design of pipes and drainage and sewage system.
• In irrigation, for determining the cultivation area available.

Hydrological cycle:-

• Hydrological cycle is also known as water cycle.
• It is the phase conversion process, in which the water moves from sea to atmosphere and atmosphere to sea by land.
• In this process, the cyclic movement of water from one phase to another phase having different residence time of each phase.
• Residence time:- In this process, the average time it takes for a water molecule to be converted from one phase to another phase.
• Phases in hydrological cycle:-

           1. Precipitation

           2. Evaporation

           3. Transpiration

           4. Infiltration

           5. Runoff